Pearl Harbor the Best Homeport in the Navy Art

Memorial to sailors and marines killed during the assault on Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona Memorial
USS Arizona Memorial
Location	Pearl Harbor
Nearest city	Honolulu, Hawaii
Coordinates	21°21′54″N 157°57′0″W  /  21.36500°Northward 157.95000°W  / 21.36500; -157.95000 Coordinates: 21°21′54″Due north 157°57′0″Due west  /  21.36500°N 157.95000°W  / 21.36500; -157.95000
Expanse	ten.50 acres (4.25 ha)
Established	May 30, 1962
Visitors	1,556,808 (in 2005)
Governing body	U.S. Navy National Park Service
Website	Pearl Harbor National Memorial

The USS Arizona Memorial, at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, marks the resting place of one,102 of the 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on USSArizona during the Set on on Pearl Harbor on December vii, 1941, and commemorates the events of that twenty-four hour period. The assault on Pearl Harbor led to the United States' involvement in World War II.

The memorial, built in 1962, is visited by more than ii million people annually.^[1] Accessible only by boat, it straddles the sunken hull of the battleship without touching it. Historical data about the attack, shuttle boats to and from the memorial, and general company services are available at the associated USS Arizona Memorial Company Center, which opened in 1980 and is operated past the National Park Service. The battleship's sunken remains were declared a National Historic Landmark on May 5, 1989.^[2]

The USS Arizona Memorial is 1 of several sites in Hawaii that are part of the Pearl Harbor National Memorial.

Memorial [edit]

Conception and funding [edit]

USS Arizona in the 1950s.

During and following the end of Globe State of war Ii, Arizona 's wrecked superstructure was removed and efforts began to cock a memorial at the remaining submerged hull.

Robert Ripley, of Ripley's Believe It or Non! fame, visited Pearl Harbor in 1942. Six years later, in 1948, he did a radio circulate from Pearl Harbor. Following that broadcast, with the help of his longtime friend Doug Storer, he got in contact with the Department of the Navy. He wrote messages to Rear Admiral J.J. Manning of the Agency of Yards and Docks regarding his desire for a permanent memorial.

A letter of the alphabet RAdm J.J. Manning to Robert Ripley regarding the need for a permanent Pearl Harbor memorial

While Ripley'due south original idea for a memorial was disregarded due to the cost, the Navy continued with the thought of creating a memorial. The Pacific War Memorial Committee was created in 1949 to build a permanent memorial in Hawaii. Admiral Arthur W. Radford, commander of the Pacific Fleet, fastened a flag pole to the master mast of the Arizona in 1950, and began a tradition of hoisting and lowering the flag. In that same year a temporary memorial was built above the remaining portion of the deckhouse.^[three] Radford requested funds for a national memorial in 1951 and 1952, merely was denied because of budget constraints during the Korean War.

The Navy placed the commencement permanent memorial, a 10-foot (3 m)-tall basalt stone and plaque, over the mid-transport deckhouse on Dec 7, 1955.^[iv] President Dwight D. Eisenhower canonical the creation of a National Memorial in 1958. Enabling legislation required the memorial, budgeted at $500,000, exist privately financed; nevertheless, $200,000 of the memorial cost was government subsidized.

Principal contributions^[5] to the memorial included:

• $fifty,000 Territory of Hawaiʻi initial contribution in 1958
• $95,000 privately raised following a 1958 This Is Your Life television segment featuring Rear Admiral (ret.) Samuel G. Fuqua,^[six] Medal of Honour recipient and the senior surviving officer from the Arizona
• $64,000 from a March 25, 1961 benefit concert by Elvis Presley,^[7] which was his terminal alive performance until 1968
• $twoscore,000 from the sale of plastic models of the Arizona, in a partnership between the Fleet Reserve Association and Revell Model Company
• $150,000 from federal funds in legislation initiated by Hawaii Senator Daniel Inouye in 1961

During planning stages, the memorial'due south purpose was the subject of competing visions. Some were eager to keep it a tribute to the sailors of the Arizona, while others expected a dedication to all who died in the Pacific theater.^[viii] In the end, the legislation authorizing and funding the memorial (Hour 44, 1961) declared that the Arizona would "exist maintained in honor and commemoration of the members of the Armed Forces of the Us who gave their lives to their country during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December vii, 1941."^{[ix] [8]}

Blueprint [edit]

The national memorial was designed by Honolulu architect Alfred Preis, who was detained at Sand Isle at the showtime of the war as an enemy of the land, because of his Austrian nascence.^[10] The United States Navy specified the memorial be in the form of a span floating in a higher place the ship and accommodating 200 people.^{[ citation needed ]}

The 184-foot-long (56 m) structure has two peaks at each end continued by a sag in the center of the structure. Critics initially chosen the design a "squashed milk carton".^[eleven]

The architecture of the USS Arizona Memorial is explained past Preis as, "Wherein the construction sags in the center but stands stiff and vigorous at the ends, expresses initial defeat and ultimate victory ... The overall event is i of serenity. Overtones of sadness take been omitted, to permit the private to contemplate his own personal responses ... his innermost feelings."^[12]

Description [edit]

"To the Retentivity of the Gallant Men Here Entombed and their shipmates who gave their lives in action on December 7, 1941, on the U.S.S. Arizona"
— inscription in marble with the names of Arizona 's honored expressionless

The national memorial has three main parts: entry, assembly room, and shrine. The central assembly room features 7 big open up windows on either wall and ceiling, to commemorate the date of the set on. There are rumors that the 21 windows symbolically represent a 21-gun salute or 21 Marines standing at eternal parade rest over the tomb of the fallen, but guides at the site have confirmed that this was not the architect's intention. The memorial besides has an opening in the flooring overlooking the sunken decks. It is from this opening that visitors tin can pay their respects by tossing flowers in honor of the fallen sailors. In the past, leis were tossed in the water, but because string from leis poses a take chances to sea life, leis now are placed on guardrails in forepart of the names of the fallen.

One of Arizona 's three nineteen,585-pound (8,884 kg) anchors is displayed at the company center'due south archway. (Ane of the other 2 is at the Arizona State Capitol in Phoenix.) Ane of the two send's bells is in the visitor centre. (Its twin is in the clock tower of the Pupil Memorial Center at the University of Arizona in Tucson.)

The shrine at the far end is a marble wall that bears the names of all those killed on Arizona, protected behind velvet ropes. To the left of the main wall is a modest plaque which bears the names of thirty or and then crew members who survived the 1941 sinking. Any surviving crew members of Arizona (or their families on their behalf) can take their ashes interred within the wreck by U.South. Navy defined^[13]

History [edit]

The "tears of the Arizona". Oil slick visible on water'due south surface above the sunken battleship.

The USS Arizona Memorial was formally defended on May xxx, 1962 (Memorial Mean solar day) by Texas Congressman and Chairman of Veteran Diplomacy Olin E. Teague and future-Governor John A. Burns.

It was listed on the National Annals of Celebrated Places on October fifteen, 1966. While the wreck of the Arizona was alleged a National Historic Landmark in 1989, the memorial does not share this status. Rather, information technology is listed separately from the wreck on the National Register of Historic Places. The joint administration of the memorial by the The states Navy and the National Park Service was established on September 9, 1980.

Oil leaking from the sunken battleship can still be seen rising from the wreckage to the h2o's surface. This oil is sometimes referred to as "the tears of the Arizona"^{[14] [15]} or "black tears."^[16] In a National Geographic feature published in 2001, concerns were expressed that the continued deterioration of the Arizona 's bulkheads and oil tanks from saltwater corrosion could pose a significant environmental threat from a rupture, resulting in a significant release of oil.^[17] The National Park Service states it has an ongoing program that closely monitors the submerged vessel's condition.

The Park Service, as part of its Centennial Initiative jubilant its 100th anniversary in 2016, adult a "mobile park" to bout the continental United States to increase exposure of the park. The mobile park also collected oral histories of the attack on Pearl Harbor.^{[18] [19]}

Maintenance [edit]

The marble wall is vulnerable to the presence of common salt water vapor which causes stains and erosion damage to gradually appear. The original wall was replaced in 1984 and the starting time replacement wall was replaced in 2014.

USS Missouri [edit]

Upon the deck of the battleship USSMissouri in Tokyo Bay, the Japanese surrendered to United States Full general Douglas MacArthur and Admiral Chester Due west. Nimitz, ending World State of war II. In 1999, Missouri was moved to Pearl Harbor from the United States west declension and docked behind, and in line, with USS Arizona, placing it perpendicular to the USS Arizona Memorial. The pairing of the two ships became an evocative symbol of the beginning and end of the The states' participation in the war.

USS Arizona Memorial staff initially criticized the placement of Missouri, saying the large battleship would "overshadow" the Arizona Memorial. To baby-sit against this perception, Missouri was placed well back of the Arizona Memorial, and positioned in Pearl Harbor to prevent those participating in military ceremonies on Missouri 's aft decks from seeing the Arizona Memorial. The decision to have Missouri 's bow face the Memorial was intended to convey that Missouri now watches over the remains of Arizona then that those interred within Arizona 's hull may residual in peace. These measures accept helped preserve the identities of the Arizona Memorial and the Missouri Memorial, thereby improving the public's perception of having Arizona and Missouri in the same harbor.^[20]

Visiting the memorial [edit]

Dec 2006: 65 years afterwards the assail on Pearl Harbor, retired Lieutenant Commander Joseph Langdell, a USS Arizona survivor, recalls the experience at the memorial

An ascertainment site with interpretive materials; Battleship Row is in the distance

The company center operated past the National Park Service is gratis to the public and has a museum with exhibits about the Pearl Harbor attack, such equally the ship's bell from Arizona.

More 1 1000000 people visit the memorial each year.^[1] Admission to the USS Arizona Memorial is past U.S. Navy boat, for which an online reservation is required (in-person reservations were discontinued in February 2021, due to the COVID-19 pandemic).^[21] Because of the large number of visitors and the limited number of gunkhole departures, most the reservations available each day are often fully allocated weeks in advance, although a express number are held back for release the day before.^[22] Before boarding the boat for the short trip to the Memorial, visitors view a 23-minute documentary film depicting the attack on Pearl Harbor. Touring of the Memorial is self-guided. The National Park Service Spider web site provides visitor information, including hours of performance and ticketing advisories.

A one-hour audio tour of the Memorial and Centre exhibits, narrated by extra Jamie Lee Curtis, whose male parent, Tony Curtis was a Globe State of war 2 and Navy veteran, is bachelor for rent at the company center. On the eye's grounds along the shoreline are more exhibits and a "Remembrance Circle". Nearby is USSBowfin, a Globe War II diesel fuel submarine, which may exist toured with separate, paid access. The battleship USS Missouri and the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor may also be visited, but require a double-decker ride to Ford Isle.

On May 6, 2018, gunkhole transportation to the memorial was suspended after i of the vessel operators noticed a crack on its outside. Although repairs were made, the cracks reappeared. The memorial was airtight on May 26, 2018, and remained closed until September 1, 2019, but boat tours around the memorial and the other ships on Battleship Row continued to be fabricated.^{[23] [24]} The memorial briefly airtight once again in September and December of 2021 due to safety problems with the dock.^[25]

Honors [edit]

Every U.s. Navy, Coast Guard, and Merchant Marine vessel inbound Pearl Harbor participates in the tradition of "manning the rails." Personnel serving on these ships stand at attending at the send's guard runway and salute the USS Arizona Memorial in solemn fashion as their transport slowly glides into port.

Arizona is no longer in commission, but is an active U.South. war machine cemetery. Every bit survivors of the attack on Arizona dice, many choose either to have their ashes scattered in the water over the ship, or to accept their urns placed within the well of the barbette of Turret No. 4.^[26] As a special tribute to the ship and her lost coiffure, the United States flag flies from the flagpole, which is attached to the severed mainmast of the sunken battleship.^[27] The USS Arizona National Memorial was one of the nine major historical sites incorporated into the broad-ranging World War 2 Valor in the Pacific National Monument, established by Congress in 2008 and defended on December 7, 2010.^[10] The John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act divided the monument by the three states in which it was located, naming the Hawaii site equally Pearl Harbor National Memorial.

Since it was formally dedicated in 1962, every U.S. President has made a pilgrimage to the memorial, presenting a wreath and scattering flowers over Arizona in honor of the Americans who perished in that location.^[28] On Dec 27, 2016, Japanese Prime number Government minister Shinzō Abe visited the memorial with President Barack Obama and paid respects to fallen service members there. Abe is the start Prime Government minister of Japan to visit the USS Arizona memorial, 75 years after the Japanese attack. The visit was hailed past President Obama as "a historic gesture of reconciliation."^[29]

Gallery [edit]

• 

  Aboard the Memorial - List of USS Arizona survivors who were later cremated, and their urns were placed into the wreckage past Navy SEALs. (10/2012)

• 

  Aboard the USS Arizona Memorial - list of lost sailors in marble, back wall. (10/2012)

• 

  Aboard the USS Arizona Memorial - center gallery. (10/2012)

• 

  Memorial Plaque - with a relief of the floating walkway. (10/2012)

• 

  Memorial Plaque - Dedicated 1962. (ten/2012)

• 

  Heading out to the Memorial - military escort and pilot. (10/2012)

Meet also [edit]

• USS Arizona salvaged artifacts
• USSUtah(BB-31) wreck of ship lost at Pearl Harbor and memorial
• U.S. Navy memorials
• U.S. Navy museums (and battleship museums)
• University of Arizona – Pupil Matrimony Memorial Center

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Remembering Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial". U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on March xv, 2008. Retrieved May nine, 2008.
2. ^ "Arizona, USS (battleship) (shipwreck)". National Celebrated Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on May xiii, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
3. ^ Later The Boxing mag, Issue 38
4. ^ Bergman, p. 37.
5. ^ Arizona Memorial Museum Association. "Creating the Memorial". AMMA website. Archived from the original on July 24, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
6. ^ "Samuel Glenn Fuqua". Recipients, Globe War Two (A-F). Medal of Honor. United States Army Centre of Military History. July 16, 2007.
7. ^ "How Elvis Helped Save the USS Arizona Memorial". USNI News. author=US Naval Constitute Staff. Dec vii, 2016.
8. ^ ^{a b} Bergman, Teresa (2013). Exhibiting Patriotism: Creating and Battling Interpretations of American Historic Sites. Left Coast Printing. p. 39. ISBN9781598745979.
9. ^ Pub.L. 87–201
10. ^ ^{a b} Bergman, p. 36.
11. ^ Treena Shapiro (May 27, 2002). "Arizona Memorial seen equally a dedication to peace". Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
12. ^ "USS Arizona Memorial - History & Culture". National Park Service. September 18, 2006.
13. ^ "USS Arizona Interments". USS Arizona Preservation Project 2004. December eighteen, 2007. Archived from the original on January 23, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
14. ^ Horst Bendzulla. "The Tears of the Arizona". Artist's website. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
15. ^ Christine Hansen (September–October 2007). "Piffling Big Store". Hana Hou! Vol. 10, No. four . Retrieved October eight, 2009.
16. ^ Tritten, Larry (December 7, 2003). "'Black Tears' Nonetheless Shed For U.S.Due south. Arizona". Southward Florida Lord's day-Sentinel . Retrieved November 28, 2011.
17. ^ "Oil and Honor at Pearl Harbor". National Geographic. June 2001. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
18. ^ Bomar, Mary A. (Baronial 2007). "Summary of Park Centennial Strategies" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
19. ^ "Pearl Harbor Oral Histories, Role ane". C-Bridge. June 1, 2009.
20. ^ Gregg 1000. Kakesako (October 15, 1997). "Volition 'Mighty Mo' be likewise much?". Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
21. ^ "Alerts & Weather condition". Pearl Harbor National Memorial. U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on April nineteen, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
22. ^ "Plan Your Visit (USS Arizona Memorial)". National Park Service. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
23. ^ "The USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor will stay airtight through autumn. Still, there'southward plenty to do at the World War Two site". Los Angeles Times. July 31, 2018. Retrieved August xviii, 2018.
24. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - World War II Valor in the Pacific". National Park Service. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
25. ^ "Dock Issue Suspends USS Arizona Memorial Tours Again". US News & World Report. Associated Press. December 13, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
26. ^ "USS Arizona Interments". Globe State of war 2 Valor in the Pacific National Monument. National Park Service.
27. ^ "USS Arizona Memorial (National Park Service website)". Retrieved May nine, 2010.
28. ^ Adamski, Mary (Oct 22, 2003). "Isles a stopover and holiday spot for presidents". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
29. ^ "Obama, Abe remember Pearl Harbor dead in historic Arizona Memorial visit". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. December 27, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2017.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Interactive USS Arizona Memorial, search the memorial for names
• USS Arizona Memorial Museum Association
• Battleship Missouri Memorial
• Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor
• "Remembering Pearl Harbor:The USS Arizona Memorial", a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson programme
• High resolution, zoomable panorama taken inside the Arizona Memorial
• A Memorial Day to Remember
• Celebrated American Engineering science Tape (HAER) No. Howdy-xiii, "USS Arizona, Submerged off Ford Island, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Honolulu Canton, Hi"

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Arizona_Memorial

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